“We call it the dyslexia paradox,” said Nadine Gaab of the Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience at Children’s, whose study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

“Often, by the time they get a diagnosis, they usually have experienced three years of peers telling them they are stupid, parents telling them they are lazy. We know they have reduced self esteem. They are really struggling,” Gaab said in a telephone interview.

“The beauty is spoken language can present before written language so people can look for symptoms,” said Dr. Sally Shaywitz, a director of the Center for Dyslexia and Creativity at Yale University.

Signs of early dyslexia can include difficulty with rhyming, mispronouncing words or confusing similar-sounding words.

“Staying cognitively active over the lifetime may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s by preventing the accumulation of Alzheimer’s-related pathology,” said study author Susan Landau, a research scientist at the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute at the University of California, Berkeley.

“Some of the literature has hypothesized this finding, but this is the first study to report that lifetime cognitive activity is directly linked to amyloid deposition in the brain,” she said. “We think that cognitive activity is probably one of a variety of lifestyle practices — occupational, recreational and social activities — that may be important.”

The report was published in the Jan. 23 online edition of the Archives of Neurology.

The study authors reported that the intravenous drug cangrelor appears to have the potential to serve as a “bridge” medication for heart patients to take in the several days before procedures like coronary artery bypass grafting.

“This drug is investigational, so it is not yet an option for patients to ask about,” Dr. Gregg Stone, a heart specialist and professor of medicine at Columbia University in New York City pointed out, “but if [the U.S. Food and Drug Administration] approved it, it would likely be widely used.”

The report was published in the Jan. 18 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.

“The time has come for recognition at the highest levels of global development, namely the UN General Assembly, of the urgent need for a global strategy to address the global burden of MNS disorders,” said the article in PLoS Medicine.

Lead authors were Vikram Patel from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Judith Bass from Johns Hopkins School of Public Health in the United States.

“Depressive disorders markedly increase the risk for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, and dementia,” said the article.

“Conflict, displacement, poverty, gender-based violence, and other social determinants of ill health increase the risk for MNS disorders,” it added.

A new study has suggested that babies born to poor mothers with pregnancy-related diabetes have an extra-high risk of developing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Gestational diabetes typically develops during the second or third trimester of pregnancy, particularly in women who are overweight before getting pregnancy, do not exercise, or eat an unhealthy diet.

“There seems to be more research going in the direction that… the brains of children with ADHD are different,” said Ginette Dionne, who has studied gestational diabetes and language development at Laval University in Quebec but wasn’t involved in the new study.

“Gestational diabetes may not be a specific cause (of ADHD), but may be one of the factors that affects brain development,” she added.

According to the latest results of a large screening trial, annual screening for prostate cancer doesn’t cut men’s chances of dying from the disease.

Researchers found while comparing men who were screened each year with so-called PSA tests, for prostate specific antigen, or rectal exams to those who received their usual care that more men in the screening group had been diagnosed with prostate cancer after 13 years and there was no difference in how many had died from it.

“Men, if they’re considering screening, should be aware that there’s a possibility that there’s little or no benefit (and) that there certainly are harms to PSA screening,” said study co-author Philip Prorok, from the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

The findings come as schools in the United States, in general, cut physical activity time in favor of more academic test preparation.

Amika Singh, who worked on the study, said, “Maybe it’s an activity break, stand up every half an hour in class and do something,” said Singh, from VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam.

“It might mean going to school by bike … Any kind of physical activity you can think of. It doesn’t mean only the physical education standard class.”

The findings were published in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.

The study, which was published in the Archives of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, demonstrated the need for better education about the vaccines and their limitations.

Merck’s Gardasil and GlaxoSmithKline’s Cervarix vaccines protect against strains of the humanpapilloma virus or HPV but do not prevent other forms of sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, or human immunodeficiency virus or HIV that causes AIDS.

“Clinicians discussing HPV vaccination with girls and their mothers may need to emphasize the limitations of the vaccine and to specifically address that the vaccine does not prevent other sexually transmitted infections,” the team wrote.

Around 30,000 French women were urged by the government to seek eek removal of the implants, made by now-defunct French company Poly Implant Prothese (PIP) that may rupture and cause inflammation and irritation.

But in Britain, where an estimated 30,000 to 40,000 women are affected, Chief Medical Officer Dame Sally Davies said: “Women with PIP implants should not be unduly worried. We have no evidence of a link to cancer or an increased risk of rupture. If women are concerned they should speak to their surgeon.” Removing implants “carries risks in itself”, she said. “I do think that every woman who has these implants should go and get checked … It’s better to have them replaced than to worry about them rupturing,” said British woman Pat Demetriou, who had faulty PIP implants removed in 2010.

The involved researchers found more than a quarter of those who scored lowest on mother-child relationship tests as toddlers went on to become obese at age 15.

“There is an overlap in the brain between the areas that govern stress and energy balance,” said Sarah E. Anderson, who worked on the new study and of the Ohio State University College of Public Health in Columbus. “This stress response could be related to obesity through appetite regulation.”